19th-21st April 2025

1. Maharashtra CM Devendra Fadnavis Inaugurated Amravati Airport, Announced Southeast Asia’s Largest Pilot Training Institute
2. CEA Launches STELLAR Model for Resource Adequacy Planning
3. India and 62 Other Countries Agreed to World’s 1st Global Carbon Tax in Shipping Industry
4. New York City Proclaims April 14 as ‘Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Day’
5. SBI & HDFC Bank Rank Among World’s Top 100 Banks by Assets in 2025: S&P Global
6. SBI Card Partners with Tata Digital to Launch ‘Tata Neu SBI Card’
7. UIICL Partners with SIDBI to Distribute Insurance Products for MSMEs
8. SBI Reintroduces ‘Amrit Vrish’t’ FD Scheme with Revised Rates
9. TIME Revealed 2025 TIME 100 List of Most Influential People in the World; No Indian Featured on the List
10. WEF 2025 Young Global Leaders: 7 Indians Honoured, Including Union Minister Ram Mohan Naidu & OYO’s Ritesh Agarwal
11. ACC Approved Appointment of Mangi Lal Jat as New DG of ICAR
12. CCI Approves Patanjali Ayurveda & Entities’ Acquisition of MGIL for Rs. 4,500 Crore
13. India & Slovakia Sign Defence MoU for Indigenous Combat Vehicle Development
14. Australia’s Will Pucovski Announces Retirement from All Forms of Cricket
15. International Day for Monuments and Sites 2025 – April 18
16. India’s First Defence MoU with Slovakia Through JCBL Group
17. New York City’s Declaration of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Day
18. SBI Card and Tata Digital Launch Co-branded Tata Neu SBI Card
19. Andhra Pradesh Cabinet Approved Draft SC Sub-Categorisation Ordinance
20. ISRO-NASA NISAR Mission Likely to Launch in June 2025
21. PM Modi’s Visit to Saudi Arabia (April 22–23, 2025) What to Expect?
22. Government Clarifies No GST on UPI Transactions Above ₹2,000
23. India’s Pharma Exports in FY25 Cross $30 Billion Mark
24. Centre Notifies Radar Speed Measurement Equipment Rules under Legal Metrology Act
25. Government Announced Pilot Program of ANPR-FASTag-based Barrier-Less Tolling System
26. PM Narendra Modi will inaugurate the Vizhinjam International Seaport
27. Hike In Minimum Pension under EPS, Complete Evaluation by 2025
28. James Webb Telescope Founds Possible Life on Exoplanet K2-18b
29. Kerala State Electricity Board’s (KSEB) Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Collaboration with IIT-Bombay
30. 2-day Conclave on Buddhism in Arunachal Pradesh
31. Bhagavad Gita & Natyashastra Added to UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register
32. Union Minister inaugurated Athlete Passport Management Unit (APMU)
33. Fitch cuts Indias FY26 growth forecast by 10 bps to 6.4%
34. Crisil projects 6.5% GDP growth for India in FY26
35. Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw Inaugurated VVDN’s Largest SMT & Mechanical Innovation Park in Haryana
36. CREDAI signs MoU with NSDC & QCI to Enhance Skill Development and Sustainability in Indian Real Estate
37. India’s 1st Prototype Fast-Breeder Reactor in TN to be Operationalised by September 2026
38. IA Successfully Concludes ARMEX-24 High-Altitude Expedition in Assam
39. India Grants USD 990,000 to Sierra Leone for Empowering Persons with Disabilities
40. Maharashtra Signs MoU with IBM India for AI-Based Administrative Transformation
41. Palestinian Photographer Samar Abu Elouf Wins 2025 World Press Photo of the Year
42. Former Finance Secretary Ajay Bhushan Pandey appointed Vice-president at AIIB
43. Google Unveils ‘Ironwood Chip’ to Enhance AI Performance
44. Rohit Sharma Appointed as Brand Ambassador of T20 Mumbai League Season 3
45. World Liver Day 2025 – April 19
46. Maharashtra Declares DPS Flamingo Lake as Conservation Reserve
47. SBI Deploys ‘Grahak Mitras’ to Boost Alternate Banking Channel Adoption
48. Zepto Renames Parent Entity Ahead of IPO: Aligning Brand and Business Strategy
49. Ananya Panday Becomes Chanel’s First-Ever Indian Brand Ambassador
50. Launch of ‘Sanskriti Ka Paanchva Adhyay’: A Compilation of PM Modi’s Speeches on Culture
51. Bihar’s Mahila Samvad Campaign: Empowering Women Through Dialogue and Awareness
52. Telangana Bhu Bharati Act, 2025
53. Amaravati: World’s First Fully Renewable-Powered City in the Making
54. EUNAVFOR Operation ATALANTA: Safeguarding Maritime Security in the Western Indian Ocean
55. India Showcases Digital Leadership at GITEX Africa 2025
56. INS Sunayna Arrives at Mozambique’s Nacala Port: Strengthening India-Africa Maritime Cooperation
57. SECL Pioneers Paste Fill Technology for Sustainable Coal Mining in India
58. Indian Air Force Joins Multinational Exercise Desert Flag-10 in UAE
59. World Creativity and Innovation Day
60. National Civil Service Day 2025

National News

1. India Joins Global Carbon Tax Agreement for Shipping

• What:
  • India joined 62 other countries in agreeing to the world’s first global carbon tax for commercial shipping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the sector.
• Why:
  • The agreement aims to put a carbon price on shipping emissions and support the decarbonisation of the shipping industry.
• Tell me more:
  • Ship owners must use cleaner fuels or pay fines starting in 2028.
  • The tax will apply to large ocean-going ships over 5,000 gross tonnage, which produce 85% of international shipping’s carbon dioxide emissions.
  • Ships using conventional fuel in 2028 will pay $100 to $380 per tonne of emissions, depending on compliance targets.
  • The carbon tax could generate up to $40 billion by 2030, with funds used exclusively to decarbonise shipping.
  • The agreement is projected to deliver a 10% absolute emissions reduction in shipping by 2030.

Source: TOI

2. Prime Minister to Visit Saudi Arabia in April 2025

• What:
  • Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi will visit the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from April 22-23, 2025, at the invitation of Crown Prince and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman.
• Why:
  • The visit aims to deepen and strengthen the multi-faceted partnership between India and Saudi Arabia and to discuss regional and international issues of mutual interest.
• Tell me more:
  • This will be the Prime Minister’s third visit to Saudi Arabia, after previous visits in 2016 and 2019.
  • The visit follows the State Visit of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to New Delhi in September 2023, where he attended the G20 Summit and co-chaired the first meeting of the India-Saudi Arabia Strategic Partnership Council.
  • India and Saudi Arabia have close and friendly ties, with cooperation in political, defence, security, trade, investment, energy, technology, health, education, culture, and people-to-people contacts.
  • Bilateral relations have grown stronger in the past decade, with increased investment, defence cooperation, and high-level exchanges.

Source: MEA

3. ANPR-FASTag-based Barrier-Less Tolling System

• What:
  • The government has clarified that there is no decision to launch a nationwide satellite-based tolling system from 1st May 2025 or to replace the existing FASTag system.
  • Instead, an ‘ANPR-FASTag-based Barrier-Less Tolling System’ will be introduced at selected toll plazas.
• Why:
  • The clarification aims to address and correct misinformation and to inform the public about the actual toll collection plans.
• Tell me more:
  • The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways and NHAI have not approved the nationwide implementation of satellite-based tolling.
  • This system uses Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) technology along with the existing FASTag (RFID) system to identify vehicles and deduct tolls without stopping.
  • E-Notices will be sent to violators for non-compliance, and non-payment may lead to FASTag suspension and other VAHAN-related penalties.
  • NHAI has invited bids for installing the ANPR-FASTag system at selected toll plazas.
  • The decision on nationwide rollout will depend on the performance, efficiency, and user response to this system.

Source: PIB

4. Parliamentary Panel Calls for Timely EPS Evaluation

• What:
  • A parliamentary panel has asked the labour ministry to complete the first-ever third-party evaluation of the Employee Pension Scheme (EPS) within a set timeframe, preferably by the end of 2025, and to urgently consider increasing the minimum pension.
• Why:
  • The aim is to make the EPS more effective and to address the rising cost of living for pensioners.
• Tell me more:
  • The Employee Pension Scheme (EPS) started in November 1995 and is run by the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO).
  • This is the first time in 30 years that a third-party evaluation of EPS is being conducted, with the contract awarded through the request for proposal (RFP) route.
  • The panel highlighted that many EPS subscribers are low-paid workers, leading to small pension amounts after retirement.
  • The committee recommended a serious and urgent review of the minimum pension, currently ₹1,000, due to the increased cost of living since 2014.
  • The central government provides a grant-in-aid to ensure the minimum pension of ₹1,000, reimbursing the difference if the actual pension is lower.
  • A proposal to raise the minimum pension to ₹2,000 per month with extra budgetary support was not approved by the finance ministry in 2020, but it remains part of the labour ministry’s pre-Budget proposal for FY25.

Source: BS

5. Athlete Passport Management Unit Launched at NDTL

• What:
  • Athlete Passport Management Unit (APMU) was inaugurated at the National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL) in New Delhi by the Union Minister of Youth Affairs & Sports and Labour & Employment, Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya.
• Why:
  • The APMU aims to strengthen India’s efforts against doping by enabling the tracking of athletes’ biological profiles and ensuring fair play in sports.
• Tell me more:
  • The APMU will use the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) system to monitor athletes’ blood and steroidal profiles over time and detect any signs of doping.
  • A biological passport is an electronic document that records an athlete’s biological markers, such as blood parameters and hormone levels, over time.
  • This is the 17th Athlete Passport Management Unit in the world, and it aligns with World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) guidelines.
  • The unit will also support neighbouring countries in the Global South that lack resources to establish similar systems, promoting regional collaboration and sports integrity.

Source: PIB

6. India Inaugurates New Electronics Manufacturing Facilities

• What:
  • Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw inaugurated VVDN’s largest Surface Mount Technology (SMT) Line and a 1,50,000 sq. ft. Mechanical Innovation Park at Global Innovation Park in Manesar, Haryana.
• Why:
  • The new facilities aim to boost domestic electronics manufacturing, create skilled jobs, and strengthen India’s position in design-led innovation and self-reliance.
• Tell me more:
  • VVDN has 11 R&D centers and over 5,000 engineers, working on AI servers, EV products, Wi-Fi 7 access points, and cameras.
  • The Cabinet has approved the New Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme to support passive components, complementing the National Semiconductor Mission.
  • Electronics manufacturing in India has grown fivefold in six years to over ₹11 lakh crore, with exports now exceeding ₹3.25 lakh crore.
  • VVDN has deployed 6,000 AI servers as a major milestone.
  • The Minister highlighted a three-tier skilling strategy: basic training, on-site product-specific training, and industry-aligned university courses.

Source: PIB TOI

State News

1. Flying Training Organisation to be Set Up in Amravati

• What:
  • Maharashtra Chief Minister announced a Flying Training Organisation (FTO) in Amravati City, Vidarbha, which will train 180 pilots each year using 34 training planes and will be the largest pilot training institute in Southeast Asia.
• Why:
  • The FTO aims to boost economic activity and create jobs in the Vidarbha region.
• Tell me more:
  • The announcement was made during the inauguration of Amravati airport.
  • A new flight between Amravati and Mumbai was also flagged off under the Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS)- UDAN.
  • The FTO will have the capacity to train 30,000 pilots.

Source: NOA

2. Andhra Pradesh Issues SC Sub-classification Ordinance 2025

• What:
  • The Andhra Pradesh government has issued the Scheduled Castes (Sub-classification) Ordinance, 2025, to redistribute the 15% reservation for Scheduled Castes among three sub-groups.
• Why:
  • The ordinance aims to ensure fair and equal distribution of reservation benefits among all Scheduled Castes in education and public sector employment.
• Tell me more:
  • The ordinance is the first step towards SC sub-classification in Andhra Pradesh under Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu’s leadership.
  • The 200-point roster system is designed to ensure systematic implementation of reservations for all three groups.

Source: IE

3. Vizhinjam International Seaport to Be Inaugurated

• What:
  • Vizhinjam International Seaport, India’s first semi-automated transshipment port, will be dedicated to the nation by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on May 2.
• Why:
  • The port aims to boost Kerala’s economic growth, create jobs, enhance trade, and attract investments by positioning Kerala on the global maritime trade map.
• Tell me more:
  • Vizhinjam is designed mainly for container transshipment, multi-purpose, and break bulk cargo.
  • It is the first Greenfield port project in India initiated by a state government, with an investment of over ₹18,000 crore.
  • The project was allotted to Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Ltd (APSEZ) after a concession agreement with the Kerala government and Adani Vizhinjam Port Private Ltd. (AVPPL) in 2015.

Source: LM

4. Kerala Launches Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Pilot with IIT Bombay

• What:
  • Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) and IIT Bombay have started a pilot project to test Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, which allows electric vehicles (EVs) to send power back to the grid when idle.
• Why:
  • The project aims to see if V2G can help manage electricity demand, support renewable energy integration, and address peak load issues as EV adoption rises in Kerala.
• Tell me more:
  • V2G technology lets EVs act as decentralised battery storage, supplying electricity to the grid during high demand and charging during low demand or high renewable energy generation.
  • The system includes both charging (Grid-to-Vehicle, G2V) and discharging (Vehicle-to-Grid, V2G) modes.
  • Time of Use (ToU) tariffs are used to encourage EV charging during periods of low demand or high renewable energy, and discourage charging during peak hours.
  • EVs can also support Vehicle to Home (V2H) and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) services, but V2G is the main focus.

Source: TH

5. Buddhist Conclave to Highlight Buddhism in Northeast India

• What:
  • A two-day conclave will be held from April 21 in Namsai, Arunachal Pradesh, to highlight the spread and impact of Buddhism in Northeast India.
• Why:
  • The event aims to showcase the Northeast as an important centre for Buddhist traditions, monastic culture, and heritage.
• Tell me more:
  • The conclave is organised by the International Buddhist Confederation (IBC) and the Ministry of Culture.
  • Chief Minister Pema Khandu, Deputy CM Chowna Mein, and the Consul General of Bhutan in Guwahati are expected to attend.
  • Students of Buddhism from Cambodia, Vietnam, and Myanmar studying in India will also participate.
  • The event is titled ‘Buddha Dhamma and the Culture of Northeast India’ and will include panel discussions on Buddhism’s historical relevance, regional art and culture, and its cultural impact on neighbouring countries.

Source: IE

6. Manuscripts of Bhagavad Gita, Natyashastra Added to UNESCO Register

• What:
  • Manuscripts of the Bhagavad Gita and Bharat Muni’s Natyashastra have been inscribed in UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register.
• Why:
  • The inclusion recognises India’s timeless wisdom and rich cultural heritage at the global level.
• Tell me more:
  • Both manuscripts are preserved at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute in Pune.
  • With these additions, India now has 14 entries in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register, which has a total of 570 collections globally.
  • The Natyashastra, codified around the 2nd century BC, contains 36,000 verses and is known as the Gandharvaveda, covering drama, music, dance, and aesthetics.
  • Traditionally attributed to the sage Vyasa, Bhagavad Gita is a Sanskrit scripture comprising 700 verses that are organised in 18 chapters, embedded in the sixth book (Bhishma Parva) of the epic poem Mahabharata.

Source: IE

7. Maharashtra Signs MoU with IBM for AI Transformation

• What:
  • Maharashtra Government has signed a memorandum of understanding with IBM Technology (India) for administrative transformation using Artificial Intelligence.
• Why:
  • The agreement aims to enhance public service delivery and administrative efficiency by using modern technologies.
• Tell me more:
  • Three Artificial Intelligence Centres will be set up in Mumbai, Pune, and Nagpur.
  • Government employees and students will be trained in AI, cybersecurity, and cloud technologies through IBM’s educational and training platform.
  • The initiative will use technologies like AI, Hybrid Cloud, and Data Analytics to improve governance.

Source: NOA

8. DPS Wetland in Navi Mumbai Declared Flamingo Reserve

• What:
  • The Maharashtra State Board of Wildlife has declared the DPS wetland in Navi Mumbai as a Flamingo Conservation Reserve.
• Why:
  • The reserve aims to protect flamingos and help avoid air accidents near Navi Mumbai International Airport.
• Tell me more:
  • DPS lake conservation reserve is expected to contribute to aviation safety near the Navi Mumbai International Airport.
  • Conservation of Devrais in the Western Ghats is part of the state’s efforts to protect ecologically important areas.

Source: NOA

9. Mahila Samvad Campaign Launched for Women’s Empowerment in Bihar

• What:
  • Chief Minister Nitish Kumar launched the ‘Mahila Samvad’ campaign to connect and inform over two crore women in Bihar about government welfare schemes for their empowerment.
• Why:
  • The campaign aims to educate, inspire, and connect women with resources and opportunities provided through state-run schemes, and to collect feedback for better policy-making.
• Tell me more:
  • The campaign involves participation from Jeevika group women and aims to raise awareness about schemes like Women Empowerment Policy 2015, Liquor Prohibition Policy, Women Reservation, Dowry System Eradication, Child Marriage Prohibition, Mukhya Mantri Kanya Utthan Yojana, Chhatra Poshak Yojana, and Jeevika Scheme.
  • The Bihar cabinet approved ₹225.78 crore for organising the Mahila Samvad campaign.

Source: TOI

10. Telangana Launches Bhu Bharati Act and Portal for Land Issues

• What:
  • Telangana government has enacted the Telangana Bhu Bharati (Record of Rights) Act, 2025 and launched the Bhu Bharati portal to resolve land-related issues after problems with the previous Dharani portal.
• Why:
  • The Act and portal aim to correct errors in land records, provide a decentralised and accessible grievance redressal system, and ensure transparent and error-free land transactions.
• Tell me more:
  • The Act allows correction of post-2020 land record errors, mandates land surveys and map preparation before registration and mutation, and enables regularisation of sada bainamas based on ground realities.
  • It ensures time-bound mutation of hereditary land titles and establishes a grievance redressal system at the Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO) and District Collector levels, with a district-level land tribunal as the final step.
  • Grievances can be registered and addressed free of cost under Bhu Bharati, unlike the previous system.
  • The Act includes provisions to revoke rights over lands acquired illegally from government, Bhoodan, assignment, endowment, and Waqf categories.
  • The Bhu Bharati portal has been rolled out in four mandals for initial testing, with plans to expand statewide before Telangana Formation Day on June 2.

Source: TH

11. Amaravati to Become World’s First 100% Renewable Energy City

• What:
  • Amaravati, the planned capital of Andhra Pradesh, is set to become the world’s first city powered entirely by renewable energy, aiming to meet all its electricity needs through solar, wind, and hydropower.
• Why:
  • The initiative aims to create an ultra-modern, environmentally sustainable capital city and support India’s commitment to clean energy and climate action.
• Tell me more:
  • Amaravati will set a global benchmark for urban sustainability and serve as a model for future cities worldwide.
  • Andhra Pradesh faces the highest number of heat wave days in South India, making cooling a major consideration in city planning.
  • Andhra Pradesh’s peak power demand is expected to rise by 57% to 19.9 GW by 2029.

Source: ET

International News

1. India Showcases Digital Innovations at GITEX Africa 2025

• What:
  • India participated in GITEX Africa 2025, Africa’s largest tech and startup show, held in Marrakesh, Morocco.
• Why:
  • The event aimed to discuss collaboration opportunities and promote inclusive and equitable growth in the global economy.
• Tell me more:
  • The summit lasted three days and concluded in Morocco’s capital, Marrakesh.
  • Minister of State for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Jayant Chaudhary, represented India at the summit.

Source: NOA

Banking and Economy

1. SBI and HDFC Bank Among World’s 100 Largest Banks

• What:
  • State Bank of India and HDFC Bank are the only Indian banks included in the latest S&P Global Market Intelligence ranking of the world’s 100 largest banks by assets.
• Why:
  • The ranking highlights the global position and asset strength of leading banks.
• Tell me more:
  • State Bank of India climbed four places to 43rd position.
  • HDFC Bank moved up one place to 73rd position.
  • Chinese banks dominated the top spots, with Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd., Agricultural Bank of China Ltd., China Construction Bank Corp., and Bank of China Ltd. occupying the top four positions.
  • Four banks entered the top 100 list after not featuring in 2024.
  • National Bank of Canada and State Street Corp. joined the ranking at 92nd and 93rd places, respectively.
  • HSBC Holdings PLC remained the biggest bank in Europe and the seventh-largest globally, despite a drop in assets due to restructuring.
  • Mergers and acquisitions played a significant role in changes to the rankings, especially in Europe.

Source: TP

2. SBI Card and Tata Digital Launch Tata Neu SBI Card

• What:
  • SBI Card and Tata Digital have launched the Tata Neu SBI Card in two variants, offering NeuCoins as rewards and various shopping and lifestyle benefits.
• Why:
  • The cards aim to provide a premium and rewarding shopping experience by combining benefits from both SBI Card and Tata Digital.
• Tell me more:
  • The Tata Neu SBI Card comes in two variants: Infinity and Plus.
  • NeuCoins rewards: Up to 10% on Infinity and up to 7% on Plus, redeemable on the Tata Neu app for groceries, travel, and fashion.
  • UPI transactions (RuPay variant) earn up to 1.5% rewards; bill payments on Tata Neu get up to 5% rewards.
  • Application can be done digitally via SBI Card SPRINT or offline at select Croma stores.

Source: BT

3. UIICL and SIDBI Partner to Offer MSME Insurance

• What:
  • United India Insurance Company Ltd (UIICL) has partnered with Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) to distribute general insurance products designed for the MSME sector.
• Why:
  • The partnership aims to increase insurance penetration and provide customized insurance solutions for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
• Tell me more:
  • The insurance products include home, health, motor, and engineering solutions for SIDBI’s MSME customers.
  • The collaboration will serve customers through SIDBI’s network of 123 branches across India.
  • The initiative is seen as a significant move towards offering integrated financial and insurance services under one roof for MSMEs.

Source: KNN

4. CCI Approves Patanjali’s Acquisition of Magma General Insurance

• What:
  • The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved Patanjali Ayurved and five other entities to acquire a majority stake in Magma General Insurance.
• Why:
  • The deal aims to help Patanjali and the foundations diversify into the insurance sector and expand their business portfolio.
• Tell me more:
  • The acquisition will be done through the green channel route under section 6(4) of the Competition Act, 2002, which allows automatic approval for deals with no risk to competition.
  • Patanjali Ayurved, S R Foundation, Riti Foundation, RR Foundation, Suruchi Foundation, and Swati Foundation will collectively acquire 98.055% shareholding in Magma General Insurance on a fully diluted basis.
  • Patanjali Ayurved will become the promoter entity of Magma General Insurance after the deal.
  • Patanjali Ayurved is engaged in manufacturing and marketing herbal, nature-based products, medicines, and other fast-moving consumer goods.

Source: ET

5. No GST on UPI Transactions Above Rs 2,000: Centre Clarifies

• What:
  • The Central Government has denied reports about plans to impose GST on UPI transactions over Rs 2,000, calling such claims false and baseless.
• Why:
  • The clarification aims to stop misinformation and assure the public and businesses that there is no new tax on UPI payments.
• Tell me more:
  • The Ministry stated there is no proposal to levy GST on UPI payments.
  • GST is only charged on payment-related fees like the Merchant Discount Rate (MDR), but MDR on Person-to-Merchant (P2M) UPI payments was removed in January 2020.
  • The Central Board of Indirect Taxes & Customs (CBDT) officially abolished MDR for P2M UPI payments through a notification dated 30th December 2019.
  • Since there is no MDR on UPI transactions, GST is not applicable to these payments.
  • The government has been promoting digital payments through a UPI Incentive Scheme, with payouts of Rs 1,389 crore in FY 2021-22, Rs 2,210 crore in FY 2022-23, and Rs 3,631 crore in FY 2023-24 to support merchants.

Source: BT

6. India’s Pharma Exports Cross $30 Billion in FY 2024-25

• What:
  • India’s pharmaceutical exports surpassed 30 billion dollar in the financial year 2024-25, with the United States remaining the largest market.
• Why:
  • The growth in exports highlights the increasing global demand for Indian pharmaceutical products.
• Tell me more:
  • Pharmaceutical exports grew by over 9% compared to nearly 27.5 billion dollar in 2023-24.
  • In March 2025, pharma exports rose by more than 30% year-on-year, reaching 3,681 million dollar from 2,806 million dollar in March of the previous year.
  • Exports to the United States increased by over 14% in value in 2024-25.
  • Other top destinations for Indian pharma exports included the UK, Brazil, France, and South Africa.

Source: NOA

7. Google Unveils Ironwood: Seventh-Gen AI Chip

• What:
  • Alphabet has unveiled its seventh-generation artificial intelligence chip named Ironwood, designed to speed up the performance of AI applications.
• Why:
  • The Ironwood chip aims to improve the speed and efficiency of AI applications, especially for data processing needed when users interact with software like chatbots.
• Tell me more:
  • Ironwood is focused on “inference” computing, which means it performs rapid calculations to generate answers in chatbots and similar tools.
  • The chip can work in groups of up to 9,216 chips.
  • It offers double the performance for the same amount of energy compared to Google’s previous Trillium chip.
  • Google uses its own chips to build and run its Gemini AI models.
  • Google’s tensor processing units (TPUs) are a key part of its internal AI development.

Source: ET

8. SBI to Deploy ‘Grahak Mitras’ at Branches

• What:
  • State Bank of India will use personnel from its subsidiary, State Bank Operations Support Services (SBOSS), as “Grahak Mitras” to guide customers towards alternate banking channels and provide first level assistance at branches.
• Why:
  • The initiative aims to encourage customers to use self-service channels and improve customer support in branches.
• Tell me more:
  • Grahak Mitras will be deployed at about 4,500 SBI branches across the country.
  • This covers around 20 per cent of the Bank’s total 22,740 branches.
  • The Grahak Mitras will help customers understand and use various self-service banking options.

Source: HBL

9. Zepto Renames Parent Company Ahead of IPO

• What:
  • Quick-commerce startup Zepto is changing the name of its parent company from Kiranakart Technologies Private Limited to Zepto Private Limited, with approval from the Registrar of Companies in Mumbai.
• Why:
  • The name change aims to align the corporate identity with the consumer-facing brand and enhance brand recognition as the company prepares for a likely stock market debut.
• Tell me more:
  • The name change required shareholder approval, filings with the Registrar of Companies, and clearance from the central government.
  • Zepto’s move follows similar steps by competitors, such as Swiggy rebranding from Bundl Technologies Private Limited to Swiggy Private Limited before its IPO and Zomato changing its corporate name to Eternal Limited.
  • The company has quickly grown in the 10-minute delivery segment since its founding in 2021.
  • Zepto also shifted its headquarters to India from Singapore, completed in January this year.
  • The platform is reportedly preparing for an IPO in the near future.

Source: BS

10. SECL to Adopt Paste Fill Technology for Green Mining

• What:
  • South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL) will become the first coal PSU in India to use paste fill technology for coal mining, following a ₹7040 crore agreement with TMC Mineral Resources Private Limited.
• Why:
  • The aim is to promote sustainable and environmentally friendly mining practices while enabling coal extraction without disturbing surface infrastructure.
• Tell me more:
  • The Singhali mine was approved in 1989 and started operations in 1993, with current reserves of 8.45 million tonnes of G-7 grade non-coking coal.
  • The project is seen as a landmark step for the future of eco-friendly coal mining in India.
  • The Singhali mine was developed using the Bord and Pillar method with Load Haul Dumpers (LHDs) and Universal Drilling Machines (UDMs).

Source: PIB

GDP Forecasts

1. Fitch Ratings Cuts India’s GDP Growth Estimate

• What:
  • Fitch Ratings reduced India’s GDP growth estimate for the current fiscal to 6.4% and also lowered projections for the next financial year.
• Why:
  • The reduction was made due to concerns over a severe escalation in the global trade war.
• Tell me more:
  • Fitch cut India’s GDP growth estimates for 2024-25 and 2025-26 by 10 basis points to 6.2% and 6.4% respectively, while keeping the 2026-27 estimate at 6.3%.
  • World growth projections for 2025 were cut by 0.4 percentage points, and both China and US growth by 0.5 percentage points from the March forecast.
  • World growth is now expected to fall below 2% this year, which would be the weakest rate since 2009, excluding the pandemic.

Source: TOI

2. Crisil Projects 6.5% GDP Growth for India in FY26

• What:
  • Crisil has projected India’s GDP growth at 6.5% for fiscal year 2026, but highlighted downside risks due to US tariff hikes.
• Why:
  • The projection considers that interest rate cuts, income tax relief, easing inflation, and a normal monsoon will support consumption and agricultural incomes, while external risks like US tariff hikes could hinder investments.
• Tell me more:
  • High-frequency indicators and RBI surveys show improving demand and consumer confidence in both rural and urban areas in the fourth quarter of FY25.
  • Industrial growth, measured by the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), slowed to 2.9% in February from 5.2% in January, mainly due to lower growth in mining and manufacturing, but electricity output increased.
  • Average IIP growth in the fourth quarter was 4.0%, similar to 4.1% in the December quarter.
  • IIP manufacturing performed better in the second half of FY25, boosting growth in petroleum products, machinery, and textiles.

Source: ET

Defence News

1. ARMEX-24: Indian Army Completes High-Altitude Expedition

• What:
  • Indian Army has successfully completed ARMEX-24, a high-altitude adventure expedition covering 146 kilometres from North Bengal to Sikkim over 28 days.
• Why:
  • The expedition aimed to test endurance, resilience, and operational excellence in extreme conditions.
• Tell me more:
  • ARMEX-24 is a demonstration of the Indian Army’s commitment to operational preparedness through realistic training.

Source: ANI

2. EUNAVFOR ATALANTA Proposes Joint Exercise with Indian Navy

• What:
  • Vice Admiral Ignacio Villanueva Serrano, Operation Commander of EUNAVFOR ATALANTA, has proposed conducting a joint exercise with the Indian Navy later this year.
• Why:
  • The proposal aims to enhance coordination and cooperation for maritime security in the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea.
• Tell me more:
  • EUNAVFOR ATALANTA is the European Union’s military operation for maritime security in the region.
  • Vice Admiral Serrano met Indian counterparts to discuss effective coordination for the safety of the Indian Ocean.
  • He proposed sending two EU naval ships to Mumbai for the joint exercise, tentatively around the end of May.
  • The Indian Navy is recognised as a major actor in the area, and both sides have a history of good professional coordination.
  • The exercise is intended to practice and improve joint operations and maritime security efforts.

Source: TW

3. INS Sunayna Visits Mozambique for SAGAR Mission

• What:
  • INS Sunayna arrived at Nacala Port, Mozambique, as part of its deployment to Africa under the Indian Ocean Ship (IOS) SAGAR mission, after participating in the India-Africa maritime partnership exercise AIKEYME 25 in Tanzania.
• Why:
  • The visit aims to strengthen maritime cooperation, build operational synergy, and promote community engagement between India and African nations, supporting the SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) initiative.
• Tell me more:
  • INS Sunayna was flagged off from Karwar on 5 April 2025 by the Defence Minister.
  • The ship embarked 44 naval personnel from nine friendly foreign nations: Comoros, Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, Mauritius, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and Maldives.

Source: PIB

4. Indian Air Force Joins Exercise Desert Flag-10 in UAE

• What:
  • A contingent of the Indian Air Force reached Al Dhafra Air Base in the United Arab Emirates to participate in Exercise Desert Flag-10.
• Why:
  • The exercise aims to conduct complex and diverse fighter engagements and share operational knowledge and best practices with leading air forces from around the world.
• Tell me more:
  • Exercise Desert Flag-10 is hosted by the UAE Air Force.
  • Air forces from Australia, Bahrain, France, Germany, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Republic of Korea, Turkey, UAE, United Kingdom, United States of America, and India are participating.

Source: NOA

Science and Technology

1. NISAR Satellite Launch and Ax-4 Mission Announced

• What:
  • The government has confirmed the launch of the NISAR satellite for June 2025 and announced that Indian Air Force Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla will become the first Indian astronaut to visit the International Space Station (ISS) as part of Axiom Mission 4.
• Why:
  • These announcements highlight India’s growing space ambitions and aim to boost scientific research, global collaboration, and technological advancement.
• Tell me more:
  • The NISAR (Nasa-Isro Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellite is a collaboration between NASA and ISRO, with a cost of over Rs 5,800 crore and a weight of 2.8 tonnes.
  • NISAR will be the first Earth-observing satellite with dual-frequency synthetic aperture radars (NASA’s L-band and ISRO’s S-band), allowing precise monitoring of changes in Earth’s surface.
  • The satellite will scan nearly all land and ice surfaces every 12 days, providing high-resolution data on natural disasters, climate change, land use, and Earth’s crust movement.
  • NISAR’s hardware is developed and integrated in both India and the United States, with cloud-based data storage and open access for global benefit.
  • The launch will take place from Sriharikota aboard ISRO’s GSLV-F16.
  • Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4), scheduled for no earlier than May 2025, will send Shubhanshu Shukla to the ISS on a SpaceX Dragon rocket, making him the first Indian at the ISS and the second Indian in space after Rakesh Sharma.
  • Shukla will serve as the mission pilot with commander Peggy Whitson and astronauts from Poland and Hungary.
  • The Ax-4 crew will conduct over 60 research experiments during a 14-day stay, including seven led by ISRO in partnership with NASA and ESA, covering topics like algae growth in microgravity and therapies for muscle loss.
  • Group Captain Prashanth Nair has been named Shukla’s backup for the mission.

Source: TOI

2. New Rules for Radar Speed Equipment Announced

• What:
  • The Department of Consumer Affairs has notified new rules for radar equipment used to measure vehicle speed under the Legal Metrology (General) Rules, 2011, effective from July 1, 2025.
• Why:
  • The rules aim to strengthen road safety and ensure fairness in traffic enforcement by making speed measurement devices accurate and legally compliant.
• Tell me more:
  • All radar-based speed measuring devices must be verified and stamped by Legal Metrology authorities to ensure accuracy and calibration.
  • The rules are based on the international standard OIML R 91 and were finalized after consultations with State Legal Metrology Departments, Regional Reference Standard Laboratories, manufacturers, and consumer organizations.
  • Verified devices will increase transparency, enforcement integrity, and public confidence in speed detection systems.
  • The rules require tamper-proof mechanisms, proper calibration, and stable operation for all devices.
  • Standardized radar systems will help in data-driven traffic management, reduce road accidents, minimize vehicle wear and tear, and cut infrastructure damage.
  • The initiative supports the government’s push for technological modernization in legal metrology and aligns enforcement with global best practices.

Source: ET

3. Unexpected Gas Detected on Exoplanet K2-18b

• What:
  • Astronomers have detected dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a gas mainly produced by living organisms on Earth, in the atmosphere of exoplanet K2-18b using the James Webb Space Telescope.
• Why:
  • The discovery aims to understand the atmospheric composition of K2-18b and explore the possibility of life or biological activity on planets outside our solar system.
• Tell me more:
  • The detection was made by observing starlight passing through K2-18b’s atmosphere during a six-hour transit in April 2024.
  • K2-18b is over 120 light-years away, about eight times the mass and 18 times the volume of Earth, and may be a mini-Neptune, gas dwarf, or a “hycean world” with a deep ocean and hydrogen atmosphere.
  • Earlier studies in 2023 found carbon monoxide and methane in the planet’s upper atmosphere but no water vapor, hinting at a possible hycean world.
  • The DMS signal was faint but confirmed using different instruments in 2025, making it unlikely to be a measurement error.
  • Scientists remain cautious, as it is not confirmed if K2-18b has a deep ocean, if the gas is definitely DMS, or if it indicates life.
  • More sensitive data and further observations are needed to rule out non-biological sources and confirm the findings.

Source: DTE

4. India’s First Prototype Breeder Reactor to be Commissioned

• What:
  • India’s first prototype-breeder reactor at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, is set to be commissioned next year as part of the second stage of the country’s three-stage nuclear programme aiming to recycle spent fuel and reduce radioactive waste.
• Why:
  • The project aims to recycle spent nuclear fuel and reduce radioactive waste as part of India’s nuclear energy strategy.
• Tell me more:
  • The prototype-breeder reactor uses plutonium-based mixed oxide as fuel and liquid sodium as coolant.
  • The reactor will use spent fuel from Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors.
  • The reactor is being developed by Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam (Bhavini).
  • The reactor has a capacity of 500 MW and is in the advanced stage of integrated commissioning.
  • First criticality is expected by 2025-26, with plant completion by September 2026.

Source: TOI

Awards

1. TIME’s 100 Most Influential People of 2025 List

• What:
  • TIME magazine has released its 2025 list of the 100 Most Influential People, with no Indian citizen included for the first time in recent years.
• Why:
  • The list aims to honor individuals who have shaped the world through leadership, innovation, and influence.
• Tell me more:
  • US President Donald Trump, Elon Musk, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer, and Nobel Peace Prize winner Muhammad Yunus are among the headline names.
  • Last year, Indian citizens like actor Alia Bhatt and Olympic wrestler Sakshee Malikkh were featured, but this year no Indian national is present.
  • Indian-origin personalities such as Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, World Bank President Ajay Banga, and actor Dev Patel were also not included this year.
  • Reshma Kewalramani, CEO of Vertex Pharmaceuticals, who emigrated from India, is among the top 100 as the first woman to head a major US biotechnology company.
  • The 2025 list features five international covers with Demi Moore, Snoop Dogg, Serena Williams, Ed Sheeran, and Demis Hassabis.

Source: BS

2. World Economic Forum Announces 2025 Young Global Leaders List

• What:
  • The World Economic Forum has released its 2025 Young Global Leaders list, including 116 individuals under 40, with seven Indians featured.
• Why:
  • The list aims to recognize exceptional young leaders who are redefining leadership and making a difference in a changing world.
• Tell me more:
  • This year’s list includes leaders from nearly 50 countries and various sectors such as business, government, civil society, academia, and the arts.
  • Seven Indians named in the list are:

Source: ET

3. Palestinian Boy’s Photo Wins 2025 World Press Photo of the Year

• What:
  • A powerful photo of 9-year-old Palestinian boy Mahmoud Ajjour, who lost both arms during an Israeli attack in Gaza, won the 2025 World Press Photo of the Year.
• Why:
  • The World Press Photo of the Year award is a prestigious global recognition for photojournalism.
• Tell me more:
  • The photo was taken by Palestinian photographer Samar Abu Elouf for The New York Times.

Source: LM

Important Days

1. New York Declares April 14 as Dr BR Ambedkar Day

• What:
  • New York City declared April 14 as Dr BR Ambedkar Day to honour his legacy in democracy, dignity, women’s empowerment, and justice for marginalised communities.
• Why:
  • The declaration recognises Dr Ambedkar’s global contributions to justice and equality.
• Tell me more:
  • The announcement was made by Dilip Chauhan, Deputy Commissioner for the New York City Mayor’s Office for International Affairs, in the presence of Union Minister Ramdas Athawale.
  • The proclamation was made at the UN Headquarters in New York during a special event marking Dr Ambedkar’s 134th birth anniversary, organised by the Permanent Mission of India to the UN.
  • Before the UN event, Athawale paid homage at Dr Ambedkar’s statue in the Lehman Library at Columbia University.

Source: TOI

2. World Liver Day – April 19

• Theme: Food is Medicine

Source: BS

3. World Creativity and Innovation Day – April 21

• UN Focus: Creativity and innovation in problem-solving

Source: UN

4. National Civil Service Day – April 21

Source: IE

Sports

1. Will Pucovski Announces Retirement from Cricket at 27

• Australian cricketer Will Pucovski has retired from all forms of cricket at the age of 27 due to ongoing concussion symptoms.

Source: ET

Memorandum of Understanding

1. India and Slovakia Sign Defence MoU for Combat Vehicles

• What:
  • India and Slovakia have signed a Defence Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to co-develop and manufacture advanced technologies for next-generation combat vehicles.
• Why:
  • The agreement aims to boost India’s role in global defence cooperation and promote indigenous manufacturing through technology transfer and collaboration.
• Tell me more:
  • The MoU was signed between Slovakia and Airbornics Defence & Space (ADSL), the defence subsidiary of India’s JCBL Group, during President Droupadi Murmu’s state visit to Slovakia.
  • This is the first defence partnership of its kind between India and Slovakia.
  • ADSL will develop and manufacture subsystems for Light Tanks, Future Ready Combat Vehicles (FRCVs), and Future Infantry Combat Vehicles (FICVs), including Turrets, Active Protection Systems, Remote-Controlled Weapon Systems, and Human-Machine Interface modules.
  • All production will take place in India, supporting the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative.
  • The collaboration will bring Slovak technology to India’s defence sector and allow for co-development and customization for different environments, including high-altitude and rugged terrains.
  • The partnership opens new export opportunities by combining India’s manufacturing with Slovakia’s technology.

Source: BW

2. CREDAI Signs MoU with NSDC and QCI for Skill Training

• What:
  • Confederation of Real Estate Developers Association of India (CREDAI) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) and the Quality Council of India (QCI).
• Why:
  • The MoU aims to enhance workforce development through structured skill development, capacity building, and sustainable employment in the real estate sector.
• Tell me more:
  • Shekhar G Patel became the new president of CREDAI for the term 2025-27.

Source: ET

Appointments

1. Dr. Mangi Lal Jat Appointed Secretary DARE and DG ICAR

• What:
  • Dr. Mangi Lal Jat, a renowned Agronomist, has taken charge as Secretary, Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE) and Director General of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) for three years.
• Tell me more:
  • Dr. Jat previously served as Deputy Director General (Research) and Director of the Global Research Program at ICRISAT, Hyderabad.
  • Dr. Jat is an alumnus of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, with a Ph.D. in Agronomy, specializing in soil moisture conservation in rain-fed pearl millet.
  • His research has helped develop sustainable farming strategies for smallholder farmers in Asia and Africa.
  • He is a Fellow of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) and recipient of the Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award for excellence in agricultural research.

Source: PIB

2. Ajay Bhushan Pandey Appointed AIIB Vice-President

• What:
  • Ajay Bhushan Prasad Pandey, former finance secretary and chief of the country’s audit regulator, has been appointed vice-president at the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
• Why:
  • Pandey will handle the Sectors, Themes, and Finance Solutions Department; the Sustainability and Fiduciary Solutions Department; and the Portfolio Management Department.
• Tell me more:
  • He headed the National Financial Reporting Authority for three years through March 2025 after retiring as finance secretary.
  • He is a 1984-batch IAS officer of the Maharashtra cadre.
  • He was chief executive officer of the Unique Identification Authority of India and led the Aadhaar project.

Source: ET

3. Rohit Sharma Named Face of T20 Mumbai League Season 3

• Mumbai Cricket Association has appointed Rohit Sharma as the official face of Season 3 of the T20 Mumbai League, which will begin on May 26.

Source: BS

4. Chanel Appoints Ananya Panday as First Indian Ambassador

• What:
  • French fashion house Chanel has announced Bollywood actress Ananya Panday as its first-ever Indian brand ambassador.
• Tell me more:
  • Chanel opened its flagship boutique in New Delhi in 2005 and recently launched its e-commerce platform in India.
  • Chanel was among the first luxury brands to enter the Indian market.

Source: TOI

Miscellaneous

1. Sanskriti Ka Paanchva Adhyay: Book on PM Modi’s Cultural Speeches Released

• What:
  • A book titled ‘Sanskriti Ka Paanchva Adhyay’ compiling 34 speeches by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Indian culture, traditions, spiritual values, and heritage was released at the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA).
• Why:
  • The book aims to highlight the prime minister’s vision and emphasis on Indian culture and values through his addresses over the past 10 years.
• Tell me more:
  • IGNCA Chairman Ram Bahadur Rai wrote the foreword, and the book is published by Prabhat Prakashan.
  • IGNCA is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Culture.
  • The book’s title is inspired by Ramdhari Singh Dinkar’s work ‘Sanskriti ke Chaar Adhyay’, which had a foreword by former prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru.

Source: TP

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